Īmsterdam A, Burgess S, Golling G, Chen W, Sun Z, Townsend K, Farrington S, Haldi M, Hopkins N (1999) A large-scale insertional mutagenesis screen in zebrafish. Īllee WC, Finkel AJ, Hoskins WH (1940) The growth of goldfish in homotypically conditioned water a population study in mass physiology. Īkey JM, Ruhe AL, Akey DT, Wong AK, Connelly CF, Madeoy J, Nicholas TJ, Neff MW (2010) Tracking footprints of artificial selection in the dog genome. Īdams KL, Cronn R, Percifield R, Wendel JF (2003) Genes duplicated by polyploidy show unequal contributions to the transcriptome and organ-specific reciprocal silencing. Īdams KL, Wendel JF (2005) Polyploidy and genome evolution in plants. Ībe G, Li I-J, Lee S-H, Ota KG (2018) A novel allele of the goldfish chdB gene: functional evaluation and evolutionary considerations.
Mtg goldfish standard experimental serial#
Ībe G, Lee S-H, Li I-J, Chang C-J, Tamura K, Ota KG (2016) Open and closed evolutionary paths for drastic morphological changes, involving serial gene duplication, sub-functionalization, and selection. These two exclusive characteristics of goldfish allow us to investigate how artificial selection and the developmental process are related.Ībe G, Lee S-H, Chang M, Liu S-C, Tsai H-Y, Ota KG (2014) The origin of the bifurcated axial skeletal system in the twin-tail goldfish. Second, in comparison with some other domesticated vertebrate species, the observation of embryonic goldfish is quite easy. First, unlike the random mutagenesis-derived zebrafish, domestication-derived goldfish were subject to artificial selection. Taking into account the above goldfish characteristics and current status of research, significant points related to the use of goldfish as a model system for evolutionary developmental biology are summarized, as follows. Although several physiologists and neuroscientists still prefer to use goldfish as their experimental animals, fewer developmental biologists currently choose goldfish over zebrafish as a research model. On the other hand, the rise of zebrafish molecular developmental genetics might have caused goldfish developmental biology to fade, partially due to the complicated genomic background of goldfish. This genome duplication event seems to be significant for allowing goldfish to become animals with “easy handling and breeding,” which contributes to their use as ornamental and research animals.
Moreover, allotetraploidization (genome duplication with species hybridization) occurred in the common ancestor of goldfish and common carp, according to whole-genome sequencing analyses. It is known that the phylogenetic relationship between goldfish and related species is ambiguous since interspecies hybrids can easily occur. This chapter introduces goldfish characteristic features, focusing on genomic background, in addition to physiological and embryological characteristics. Goldfish have been used as experimental animals in various biological fields due to ease of handling and breeding, which derives from physiological and developmental characteristics.
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